The Social Commentary And Style Within Fahrenheit 451

With gains comes loss. As the world becomes to tear apart, so do the inhabitants. With this imperfection comes the meaning of life. Through all the flaws, man’s perfection and ability to succeed appears. Man is given the choice of good over evil and love over hatred. Without the ability to choose, the freedom of life dissipates. There are many genres of writing that authors utilize, but the dystopian genre stands out the most. Dystopias take what is wrong with a modern society and emphasize it in the work. The authors of dystopian stories places the problem in a possible alternate universe. It makes the current course of action worse than it actually is, to foreshadow issues towards a misguided society while warning citizens to rebel against things similar to a overcontrolled society. These literary works have detailed imagery and great use of diction while also emphasizing the dark society to show the readers that the people think their society is perfect but it is actually t he opposite. Part 1: The Social Commentary and Style within Fahrenheit 451 First off, an example of dystopian literature is Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451. In the novel, Bradbury illustrates a society without the freedom of intellectual thinking from literature and replaces it with artificial entertainment. People in the society lack compassion or quality of a meaningful life, leaving most of them unsatisfied or depressed. One of the main characters in the novel, Mildred, is an overall example of theShow MoreRelatedThe Social Commentary And Style Within Fahrenheit 4511228 Words   |  5 Pagesthem being style. The style that the author uses reveals what the social commentary is to the readers. Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, Ally Condie’s Matched, and Wes Ball’s Maze Runner: Scorch Trials, all demonstrate a dystopia where people within the book are controlled to live a life that’s not theirs. The stylistic methods that both authors use to provide a way to warn their readers about what might happen in the future, a future t hat reflects their behavior. Part 1: The Social Commentary and StyleRead MoreThe Dystopian Novel Of Literature2214 Words   |  9 Pagestheir needs to be a concrete style to go with them. Most of these books have usually one of two different styles. Either dark and gloomy to the point out how flawed the society is and the horrible state that people have to live in, or have an overly positive and ‘perfect’ described society where people are brainwashed into thinking everything is just fine, but it is quite in fact the opposite. And the most part important of all dystopian literature is their social commentary (however other genres canRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512323 Words   |  10 PagesPicture a world where one must meet the expectations of being normal, where diversity is not accepted, or even worse, a detached society where emotions no longer exist. By reading the first few pages of Fahrenheit 451, readers immediately get the feeling of a dystopian society. Firemen creating fires, in stead of extinguishing them, and technology that has taken their society to a whole new level of entertainment. These are exaggerated ideas right off the bat, yet Ray Bradbury carries the readersRead MoreThe Space Race And It s Overall Support From The General Public1858 Words   |  8 Pagesit was enforced in places such as Nazi Germany. It had touched upon a nerve that lies deep within all American authors, and is one of the few most prevalent idiosyncrasies in American literature over all time periods, and that is the infinite desire for civil rights and freedom. Once the United States had seceded from Great Britain, it took years for Americans to differentiate themselves from the writing style that they had been so used to before. The country was so young at that point that until theRead More Samuel Richardsons Novel Pamela Essays4442 Words   |  18 PagesRichardsons Novel Pamela In his novel, Pamela, Samuel Richardson suggests something that would have been considered ludicrous at the time in which his novel was published – he proposes that men should choose their wives not for their money or social standing, but for their virtue. He then makes yet another shocking suggestion by implying that the only way in which members of the upper class can learn to be virtuous is via the lower class. That is, he suggests that the lower class must teach The Social Commentary And Style Within Fahrenheit 451 Imagine a world where the government controls everything. A world where the citizens of a society is told what to wear, what to eat, who to marry, when to die, and etc. A society where technology is advanced, such as the speed of cars and the type of trains. A place where laws are strictly taken into place and people follow them without hesitations. There are numerous of ways to make a great dystopian, one of them being style. The style that the author uses reveals what the social commentary is to the readers. Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, Ally Condie’s Matched, and Wes Ball’s Maze Runner: Scorch Trials, all demonstrate a dystopia where people within the book are controlled to live a life that’s not theirs. The stylistic methods that both authors use to provide a way to warn their readers about what might happen in the future, a future that reflects their behavior. Part 1: The Social Commentary and Style within Fahrenheit 451 In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury discusses the lack of interest in reading books and how the advancement of technology contributed to the lifestyle of the population. This world that Bradbury exhibits in Fahrenheit 451 lacks the interest of books. With advancement of technology: wall tvs, cars that go 150 mph at least, and even education is affected; the children learn from a tv. New technology has declined the popularity in reading so much that it was against the law to read altogether. â€Å"There was no longer need of firemen for the old purposes.Show MoreRelatedThe Social Commentary And Style Within Fahrenheit 4511825 Words   |  8 Pagesimagery and great use of diction while also emphasizing the dark society to show the readers that the people think their society is perfect but it is actually the opposite. Part 1: The Social Commentary and Style within Fahrenheit 451 First off, an example of dystopian literature is Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451. In the novel, Bradbury illustrates a society without the freedom of intellectual thinking from literature and replaces it with artificial entertainment. People in the society lack compassionRead MoreThe Dystopian Novel Of Literature2214 Words   |  9 Pagestheir needs to be a concrete style to go with them. Most of these books have usually one of two different styles. Either dark and gloomy to the point out how flawed the society is and the horrible state that people have to live in, or have an overly positive and ‘perfect’ described society where people are brainwashed into thinking everything is just fine, but it is quite in fact the opposite. And the most part important of all dystopian literature is their social commentary (however other genres canRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512323 Words   |  10 PagesPicture a world where one must meet the expectations of being normal , where diversity is not accepted, or even worse, a detached society where emotions no longer exist. By reading the first few pages of Fahrenheit 451, readers immediately get the feeling of a dystopian society. Firemen creating fires, instead of extinguishing them, and technology that has taken their society to a whole new level of entertainment. These are exaggerated ideas right off the bat, yet Ray Bradbury carries the readersRead MoreThe Space Race And It s Overall Support From The General Public1858 Words   |  8 Pagesit was enforced in places such as Nazi Germany. It had touched upon a nerve that lies deep within all American authors, and is one of the few most prevalent idiosyncrasies in American literature over all time periods, and that is the infinite desire for civil rights and freedom. Once the United States had seceded from Great Britain, it took years for Americans to differentiate themselves from the writing style that they had been so used to before. The country wa s so young at that point that until theRead More Samuel Richardsons Novel Pamela Essays4442 Words   |  18 PagesRichardsons Novel Pamela In his novel, Pamela, Samuel Richardson suggests something that would have been considered ludicrous at the time in which his novel was published – he proposes that men should choose their wives not for their money or social standing, but for their virtue. He then makes yet another shocking suggestion by implying that the only way in which members of the upper class can learn to be virtuous is via the lower class. That is, he suggests that the lower class must teach

Personal Interpretation Of The Bible - 868 Words

In my opinion, personal interpretation of the Bible is a crucial aspect of having a meaningful relationship with God. Our individual interpretations are different because our relationships with God are all different. Part of our fellowship as Christians is being able to learn from each other, and that would be impossible if we all thought and understood God in exactly the same way. These different interpretations of the Bible allow us to grow in our beliefs, and creates more meaningful communities within the Body of Christ. I think that this idea is highlighted in I Corinthians 11:4-16. In this passage, God instructs His people on how men and women should dress, and explains why women should keep their heads covered while men should keep their heads uncovered. One way of reading this passage is to take it literally. In extremely conservative forms of Christianity, these verses are followed literally. The implications of this practice can be seen in general society today as well, for example, the fact that removing your hat is considered a sign of respect in Western society. Liberal denominations often chafe at the concept of women being required to submit to men, however, I believe that this passage has a different meaning when taken in context. If you read further in chapter 11, God also commands men to love their wife as they love their own flesh. God defines marriage as a covenant between a man and woman, and, because of that covenant, they like one person in God’sShow MoreRelatedBible as the Inspired Word of God Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesBible as the Inspired Word of God The Bible is the work of various authors, who lived in different continents and wrote in different eras. Furthermore, much of the text does not claim to have been dictated by God and is not always God speaking to people. In parts it consists of people speaking to God, as in the Psalms, and people speaking to people, as in the New Testament letters written by Paul. In light of this, some maintain that it is not possible to treat theRead MoreWilliam Patton, An Abolitionist And Reverend937 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst the idea of Christianity supporting slavery which he laid out in his 1846 book â€Å"Slavery, the Bible, Infidelity†. His first argument, was that God could never support because, in simple terms, â€Å"God is just, and that slaveholding is unjust† (Patton, 6). Supporting this idea, Patton quotes Thomas Jefferson in saying in response of proslavery rhetoric, that â€Å"If your interpretation of the Bible be correct,it cannot be the word of God—for it gives him a character the very reverse of that which reasonRead MoreExplain the Purpose of Hermeneutics1564 Words   |  7 PagesBiblical Interpretation can be achieved in three ways; historically, the message and the doctrine. The Bible is totally authoritive and inspired by God, however is it propositional or not? To be propositional means that God reveals certain truths at which we respond in accepting these truths. These certain truths may be found in scripture, creeds and or the teachings of the church. Non-propositional approach emphasise God revealing himself at which we respond with faith being a personal belief inRead MoreBebbington on Evangelicalism1266 Words   |  5 Pagesdenominations and movements. Bebbingtons definition should fit with any church that defines itself as evangelical, but what about a modern non-denominational bible church meets that definition? Also what does Bebbingtons definition say about the pre-bible belt Baptist movement in colonial America? If both a modern non-denominational bible church and a pre-bible belt baptist movement meet the definition set forth by Bebbington, then they should have some meaningful connection. However, that connection betweenRead MoreWhat Paul, The Apostle Of Jesus1027 Words   |  5 Pagesthey are quick to share their views that the Bible has errors and that it had been written by the will of men, and/or that only the original copies are considered as Scriptures. Additionally, many people feel that the Bible used during Paul’s time, is not the Bible which is in circulation today. It is very important for a person’s theology to be governed by Scripture and placed at the center of their lives so that they can gain the knowledge from the Bible that is needed to make right decisions inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Old Testament Survey II By Robert H. Stein1436 Words   |  6 Pages May 10, 2017 Critical Book Review of Robert H. Stein’s A Basic Guide to Interpreting the Bible: Playing by the Rules. Biographical Sketch of the Author Stein gives a good discourse of available tools one might use to properly understand God’s Word that will be helpful to the learner’s task. If fact, he states in the Preface, â€Å"The basic goal of interpreting the Bible and other written texts should be to understand what their authors consciously sought to convey by what theyRead MoreEducation And Spiritual Growth : Colorado Christian University807 Words   |  4 PagesColorado Christian University has been a building stone in my educational and spiritual growth. The course Interpreting the Bible (BIB 230) is no exception to this concept in furthering my knowledge. It challenged me to think critically about the passages I am reading and to look at each word that the author uses. Learning to interpret the Bible takes a lot of research and many hours of reading the scriptures to comprehend how God is speaking through each author, which this course strengthened thoseRead MoreThe, Matthew, And The Quran1503 Words   |  7 PagesOur Interpretation is Our Reality When an author begins to write a book they usually have a certain purpose in mind. They might want to convey a message or simply entertain their reader. In the three Abrahamic texts that we read; Genesis, Matthew, and the Quran, some would argue that the author s purpose was to create a blueprint for how humans should live their lives; a rather daunting and consequential task. The main problem is written text, and especially text that was written in 1,400 BC,Read MoreThe Ten Avenues Of Revelation1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe ten avenues of Revelation are: â€Å"The Lot, The Urim and Thummim, Dreams, Visions, Theophanies, Angels, Prophets, Events, Jesus Christ and The Bible.†1 The Lot is used as a form of communication from God to man. Lots were stones which were used that were casted to make decisions and one sees this where God makes the final outcome of these lots which are casted. The Urim and Thummim were gemstones that were carried on the high priest s breastplate and us ed as lots to make decisions on situationsRead MoreChristian Foundations By: Kathleen Fischer Thomas Hart1731 Words   |  7 Pagesand Thomas Hart gives an interpretation on faith in our time. Many people would question the definition of faith. Faith is a gift, which is given by God to have trust in him and belief in him. This book is a great entry in anyones life that has speculation on his or her own faith. The book has many ways into understanding ones own religion. It discusses the Bible, Jesus, Church, Gods existence and Images of God. All of these chapters helped me get a better interpretation of what my religion entailed

The ABCD Rule Detecting the Symptoms of Skin Cancer Free Essays

Mary noticed a large, brown spot on her skin. She has been playing tennis in the sun for several years without sun protection. She reported the discovery to a friend, who told her to apply the ABCD rule to determine whether or not she had malignant melanoma. We will write a custom essay sample on The ABCD Rule: Detecting the Symptoms of Skin Cancer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her friend told her that if her answer was â€Å"no† to the questions that were asked by the ABCD rule, she had nothing to worry about. What is the ABCD rule and should she ignore the spot if her answers are negative? My Mom had skin cancer, so I learned as much as I could about it. I knew the very basics from working in the hospital but as a respiratory therapist my knowledge was limited. The ABCD rule is a simple method by which an individual can screen themselves, friends and family members for melanomas. A is for Asymmetry. If you find a mole and draw an imaginary line through it both sides should look the same, if they do not than that mole would be considered asymmetrical. B is for the border. When looking at a suspicious mole the outline or edges of the mole should be smooth with the skin, if they are raised, blurry or irregular in any way it would be considered an irregular border. C is for the color of a mole. If the color of your moles or a mole has changed it would be cause for concern. For example if you have a tan mole that you have had since you were ten and it turned black, or patchy or even red you would have reason for concern. D is for diameter. Moles should not be greater than I believe 5 or 6 millimeters. If a mole has grown in size many times it will be accompanied by one of the other letters A, B or C. Any of these abnormalities in moles need to be addressed by a physician the sooner the better. If Mary were my friend and she were able to answer no to the ABCD melanoma questions I would still encourage her to make an appointment with her physician.Skin cancer can appear anywhere on the body, moles are not the only site for skin cancer. It is for this reason I would still be concerned for Mary. It is a new spot, and it is large and brown. This â€Å"new† large brown spot on Mary’s skin could be the very early stages of malignant melanoma and could be removed and biopsied by her physician. Another reason I would be suspicious of this brown spot on Mary’s skin is the amount of time she has spent in the sun without protection. I am going to say that Mary’s friend that told her not to worry about it is not looking out for Mary’s best interests.Perhaps she wants Mary out of the Tennis Club Championship so her chances of winning are better? It is important for everyone to know how to screen themselves for many things. The ABCD’s of skin cancer are well known to my family, especially my children. They get quite tired of me looking at their moles routinely. We have lived in Arizona for 18 years and we love the outdoors, so exposure to the Sun’s harmful rays is unavoidable even with sunscreen there is going to be some damage. Being aware of what your bodies normal are can literally save your life.My Mom had a large melanoma on her shoulder, and watching her go through the treatment was painful. She was lucky, as she survived and still golfs just about every day. 2. What is the importance of membranes in the body? What are the three types of membranes? Compare and contrast each type. What homeostatic imbalances may occur relating to membranes, and what are their implications? Membranes are important to the body because they cover body surfaces, line body cavities and act as a protective covering for organs they can also provide lubrication that allows an organ to rub against another organ without causing harm.There are three types of membranes in the human body; serous, cutaneous and mucous. There is a fourth membrane which is synovial it it different from the other three in that it is composed entirely of connective tissue whereas the other three are composed of both connective and epithelial tissues. Each of them plays their own role in maintaining the bodies’ homeostatic balance keeping us healthy and alive. Serous membranes make up the lining of the closed ventral cavities. It’s main purpose is to prevent and or reduce friction between internal organs.It consists of two layers the visceral which covers the outside of an organ and the parietal l ayer which lines a body cavity. An example of this would be lungs. They have both a visceral and parietal layer and lining. This allows for the lungs to expand and deflate with inhalation and exhalation. The serous membrane of the lungs prevents them from creating friction with the heart and diaphragm. A good example of a homeostatic imbalance of the serous membrane is a pneumothorax. There a different types of pneumothorax’ for my example I will use a traumatic pneumothorax, which could be the result of being stabbed.Blood can fill up in the serous membrane of the lung which will cause it to collapse, when this happens it becomes extremely difficult and painful for the patient to breath. If left untreated it can be fatal, the patient go into respiratory failure and can bleed to death. A chest tube needs to be inserted to allow the blood and or air to drain out thereby re-inflating the lung and allowing the patient to breath. I have seen these when I worked in a trauma center, and have assisted with the insertion of a chest tube it is not pretty and often done quickly.Serous membranes are vital to life, and upsetting them or destroying them can lead to painful or even fatal consequences. Cutaneous membranes are our â€Å"suits† they cover our bodies and make them appealing to look at. Of course they have more important functions than looking good. The cutaneous membrane functions to protect us from chemical, thermal and bacterial damage. It is our raincoat so to speak and aids in the regulation of body temperature. The receptors in our cutaneous membranes alert us when we are in contact with hot, cold or sharp things and give us time to get away from the danger.When I curl my hair and the iron just brushes up against my neck I instantly feel the hot and pull the iron away, usually spilling my coffee which can land on my feet which can cause me to jump back. Many things can and will upset our bodies homeostatic balance if our Cutaneous membranes are damaged. One such example would be a cactus needles. Last month we had a four year old come in to the ER, she fell into a cactus I cannot remember what kind but there were literally hundreds of cactus needles in her back and arms.Pulling them out one at a time was not going to work. The doctor had seen on â€Å"Real stories of the ER† a similar situation where they used hair wax remover to pull them out. Surprisingly it worked; of course the girl was sedated with ketamine. The parents were not sedated and Mom passed out. If left in the girls skin, they would most likely have become infected and she could have ended up one sick little girl. The cutaneous membrane does what it can to protect us from outside invaders, but it can only do so much and sometimes it fails.Another example is a preterm baby when they are delivered one of our major concerns is their body temperature; we need to get them warm and keep them warm. We initially wipe of the material left on them from the delivery and continuously changed the blankets they are wrapped in with warm ones. Their skin is not developed enough to keep body heat in, so we have to provide a second skin until they are stable and in an incubator. Mucous membranes, these I know well. They serve to excrete mucous in the respiratory digestive and urogenital tracts.If we are unable to secrete mucous, it can create all kinds of havoc on our bodies. When a patient is intubated and placed on a ventilator they are unable clear their own mucous secretions and it is imperative that we do it for them. We use inline suction; simply put we advance a suction catheter down their trachea just to the carina stimulating a cough and then pull back the catheter while suctioning the mucous out. If this is not done enough a patient can end up with what we call Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia. This can be fatal or at the very least extend their stay in the ICU.Keeping a patient’s lungs clear of mucous is essential to their recovery. Synovial membranes serve to provide movement in our joints, by producing synovial fluid that reduces friction between moveable joints. Unlike the other three membranes that were discussed, synovial membranes are composed of only connective tissue. I have gained a new appreciation of my synovial membranes, specifically those located in my lumbar spine. Friday I had to go in and have a spinal ablation done because my synovial membranes are not doing their job and thereby causing my excruciating back pain.Friction in any joint or lack of synovial fluid can cause bone on bone rubbing which can destroy joints, and gravely limit a person’s ability to move around independently. The membranes that cover our bodies inside and out play a vital role in maintain our homeostatic balance and allowing us to live life to the fullest. Any upset in these membranes can carry some pretty serious consequences and it is important both as a health care professional and a Mom to have the knowledge necessary to identify when there is a problem be able to assess it and put a plan of care into action to regain homeostasis. How to cite The ABCD Rule: Detecting the Symptoms of Skin Cancer, Papers

Business Law Misrepresentation Law

Question: Define the Business Law for Misrepresentation Law. Answer: Issue: (Tom and Steve) Based on the facts, the issue that arises here is whether Steve can be held liable for misrepresentation of facts in the contract and whether the contract between Steve and Tom is voidable or not? Relevant Rule There have been many cases in the contract law that relates to contract formation and breach of contract. To make a distinction between a valid contract and an invalid contract it is important to determine the existence of the formalities needed to make a contract valid. For making a contract enforceable in the eyes of law, offer, acceptance, consideration and legal capacity of a contract should be determined. If these elements are present, a contract becomes valid. However, there are certain situations that make a contract voidable, such as misrepresentation, fraud or coercion. Misrepresentation means stating facts of the case in a wrongful manner, to such an extent, that the other party enters into a contract depending on the facts that were stated to him. Misrepresentation makes the contract voidable if the person suffers a loss or harm resultantly (Furmston et al., 2012). Application: In the case of Tom and Steve, the contract may become voidable at the option of Tom, as he was the one who suffered loss of 5000 dollars profit per day. Steve gives assurance to Tom that his truck is capable of carrying 12 tons of cargo. He does not check with the specifications and gives assurance to Tom. Conclusion: The legal position in the case of Steve is not strong and if Tom wishes, he may make the contract voidable that is either reject the contract or affirm the same. Issue: (Steve and Pamela) Based on the facts, the issue that shall be discussed here is, whether Steve shall be liable for non-performance of contractual obligation to Pamela. Relevant Rules: If one of the parties to the contract, voluntarily performs an act, and the other party makes a promise that based on the voluntary action of the person, such a consideration shall be deemed to be past. For example, A voluntarily gives lift to B on his car. At the time of arriving B promises that he shall pay 15 pounds to A. However, later B fails. This is a non-enforceable consideration as it took place in the past (Schwartz Scott, 2016). However, there are exceptions to the simple rule of past consideration such as: Request Business transactions If the act of the party is done at the request of the other party to the contract then the contract shall based on past consideration and it shall make the contract enforceable. Likewise, even in business transactions the contract, even if on past consideration, shall be considered as enforceable (Burrows, 2016). Application: In the case of Steve and Pamela the contract between them becomes non-enforceable as it was done voluntarily and not at the request of Steve. If Steve would have requested Pamela to water his garden in his absence, the contract could have become enforceable. However, since Pamela on her own wish watered his garden and Steve failed to act on his promise, the contract cannot be enforced later. Conclusion: The legal position of Steve, in this case is strong as his contract is not enforceable and he shall not be considered liable for non-performance of contractual obligation. Issue (Steve and Danny): Depending on the facts provided in the case study, the issue that shall be discussed here is, whether the contract becomes non-enforceable on the doctrine of frustration. Relevant Rules: If any event takes place that is beyond the control of parties to the contract and if due to the occurrence of such an act, it becomes impossible to fulfil the contractual obligations then the contract is discharged and none of the parties can be held liable for non-performance. In the case of Taylor v. Caldwell, the Court opined that it was important for the existence of the music hall for the parties to fulfil their contractual obligations. Since the music hall was destroyed the contract was discharged making none of the parties liable. This is called doctrine of frustration (Campbell, 2014). Application: In the case of Danny and Steve also the subject matter of the contract was destroyed, that is, Toyota Corolla. The destruction of the car was beyond the control of both the parties to the contract and none of the parties to the contract was aware about the destruction. Thus, the contract between Danny and Steve was discharged due to destruction of the subject matter of the contract. Conclusion: The legal position of Steve in this case is strong as the contract was discharged between them due to destruction of subject matter of the contract. Issue (Steve and Cool It Aircon Ltd): Based on the facts, the issue that arises here is, whether Steve can be held liable for non-performance of contractual obligation and can the contract be enforced on Steve. Relevant Rules: As per the receipt rule of contract law, an offer is said to complete its stage of acceptance, the moment the accepted is faxed to the other person, even if it does not reach the offeror or the offeree sends it by mistake. The contract shall become enforceable the moment the acceptance is posted. The offeror often use the defence that he was unaware of the acceptance that was faxed to him or that he did not receive it, likewise, the offeree may also use the defence that he faxed the acceptance by mistake (McKendrick, 2014). Under both the circumstances, the contract becomes enforceable as acceptance was duly carried out (Adams v. Lindsell). Application: Applying the receipt rule in the case of Steve and Trisha, one may conclude that the contract that existed between them was enforceable as the stage of offer and acceptance was carried out formally. Though, Steve sent his acceptance by mistake, the contract shall be enforceable as Trisha acted on the belief that the offer is accepted by Steve. Thus, in this case, Steve is bound by contractual obligations that existed between Trisha and Steve Conclusion: In this case, the legal position of Steve is not strong, as he has to perform his contractual obligations even if the acceptance was posted by mistake. References: Burrows, A. (2016).A Restatement of the English Law of Contract. Oxford University Press. Campbell, D. (2014). Review of C. Mitchell, Contract law and contract practice.Law Quarterly Review,130, 526-529. Furmston, M. P., Cheshire, G. C., Fifoot, C. H. S. (2012).Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston's law of contract. Oxford University Press. Kenny, C. S. (2014).A Selection of Cases Illustrative of the Law of Contract. Cambridge University Press. McKendrick, E. (2014).Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Schwartz, A., Scott, R. E. (2016). The Common Law of Contract and the Default Rule Project.Virginia Law Review, Forthcoming.

Empire by Purchase or Lease

Introduction The term empire was coined from the Greek word, imperuim, which is used to refer to political power or authority (Alessio, 2010). Therefore, the word empire is a term that is used to define a geographic expansive state that comprises of a number of different states and individuals from different cultures and backgrounds that are united and ruled by one common leader. In most cases, a monarch (a royal family where leadership is passed on from one generation to the next within the family), an emperor or an oligarchy rules an empire.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Empire by Purchase or Lease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All through history, numerous cases have been reported with regards to the establishment of empires. The Holy Roman Empire is perhaps one of the earliest empires that were established in time. This empire was in existence from the 8th century up to the 19th century (Alessio, 2010). However, the empire collapsed during the renaissance period. The Spanish Empire is also another good example of a strong empire that existed in history. This empire existed during the 16th century. The British Empire is also another classical example. This empire comprised of dominions, colonies and mandates that fell under the jurisdiction and authority of the British government. It was established during the 16th century and exists up to the present moment. It is regarded as the largest and strongest empire in history. During the first quarter of the 21st century, the Empire was believed to have had authority to over 450 million people in the globe (Alessio, 2010). This comprised of approximately a quarter of the global population at that particular time. There were a number of reasons behind the need of establishing various colonies in the world. The need of having a strong economic base, power, expansive land and authority were among the key reasons. In most instances, new lands were normally conquered through wars and invasions. It was never peaceful. All through history, there are numerous reports of various invasions that led to the building and development of many empires all around the world. The most recent of these invasions being the scramble for colonies by European powers all around the world since the 16th century. At the present point and time that we are in, it is practically impossible for a nation to build an empire using these old tactics. This is because it is viewed as inhuman and goes against the fundamentals of human rights and sovereignty of states. Therefore, the best means through which a nation can expand its influence to fulfil its economic needs and requirements is through purchase or lease of land from foreign states.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is more or less similar as the game of monopoly where individuals can purchase o r lease assets for their own advantages. In addition, many businesses are growing and developing in an alarming rate. Globalization and expansion of their markets have made them to operate on an international level. Such businesses therefore need to establish business empires in order to be profitable and sustainable in the short run and in the long run. To achieve this, they have to lease or purchase land overseas. With this regards therefore, the main aim of this essay is critically analyse the means through which states and multi-national corporations can establish empires through purchase or leasing and the impacts that these actions may have on their operations and sustainability. The Case of Modern States Traditionally, countries established empires through the conquering of other states. In most cases, this process involved a lot of violence. Nations went to war in the process of conquering new territories while other went to war in order to defend their interest, territories and boundaries. In the course of this process, many lives were lost, new territories were earned and nations become stronger due to the vast amount of land they owned and influence they had over their subjects. The main reasons why nations spent a lot of their resources, time and energy to expand their territories was to improve their political sovereignty, improve their economy, have strategic advantages over their enemies and rival states and command authority over their subjects. During the colonial era for example, the colonial powers sought to get raw materials and cheap labour for their companies. It was also these colonies that acted as market for the finished goods and services that were produced. However, at the present moment, a lot of things have changed. Nations have now become sovereign states. As a result therefore, they have the authority and mandate to rule themselves in the manner that they feel is best for their subjects. Crossing the boundaries of a sovereign sta te may be viewed as an act of invasion. In most occasions, the most probable outcome of this act is military response and this may lead to war (Alessio, 2010). The invading country may therefore be viewed as an enemy of the country that it was invading and the international community at large. This may in turn lead to poor diplomatic relations between the invading country and the rest of the world. As a result, the country will have increased its problems instead of reducing them through the invasion. We are living in a capitalist world at the present moment. In this world, national and international market is controlled by competition. This is due to the adoption of the doctrine of laissez faire. As a result, many nations are looking for cheaper and better ways to produce goods and services in order to meet their needs and desires of growth and development (Alessio, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Empire by Purchase or Lease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve this, nations must utilize their resources. It is however essential to note that most of these resources are non-renewable. At the same time, a nation may have the resources but lack the capacity to utilize these benefits to the fullest. It is due to these needs that many nations need expand their influence and territories into new lands. The main question that comes into mind is what is the best way that a nation can achieve these needs without compromising its diplomatic relations? Many scholars and researchers have come up with a number of ways through which nations may achieve these needs. However, most of these methods cannot be applied. This is due to the weaknesses that they have in their application. In most cases, they tend to compromise the sovereignty of states. In addition, they lead to the development of bad diplomatic relations between a nation and the international community. However, there is a method that very little research and effort has been put on. This is the building of modern empires through the purchase or lease of foreign land. The considerations, terms, rules and regulations are similar as those of the game of monopoly. As compared to invasion, this method is peaceful as it does not lead to wars or loss of life. In addition, the method respects human rights and the sovereignty of states. As a result therefore, both nations will maintain warm diplomatic relations with one another. At the same time, these countries would both benefit from the new agreement or partnership that they have entered into with one another. In modern history, the United States is perhaps the country that has increased the size of its territory through the purchase of new lands. The process was so successful and as a result, USA is one of the biggest nations in the world in terms of geographical size (Alessio, 2010). Although the US is one of the most powerful nations in the world, it is not reg arded to as an imperial power. This is because it acquired most of its territories through purchase rather than political conquest. Florida was one of the early states that the US acquired through purchase (Alessio, 2010). Although there was a lot of resistance from the natives in the establishment of the American rule, the means through which the state was acquired is through purchase. That is why the acquisition of the state is known as The Florida Purchase. Florida was initially a colony of the Spanish Empire. However, during the begging of the 19th century, the power and influence of the Spanish Empire was declining.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There was also a lot of tension between the Spanish and the Americans with regards to the borders of their territories. To end the dispute between these two nations, both parties signed the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 (Alessio, 2010). According to this new treaty, USA was given exclusive rights over the jurisdiction of Florida. In addition, the boundaries between USA and the Spanish Empire were set at New Spain (currently Mexico). USA also acquired Texas and New Mexico and California through purchase. There had been disputes between USA and Mexico over the place where the border between these two countries. The original boundary between Texas and the rest of Mexico was at the Nueces River. However, when Texas got its independence, among the demands that the natives had was the extension of the boundary to Rio Grand. Due to this fact, USA deployed its army to patrol its borders. However, Mexican soldiers sneaked into the alleged US territory and killed US soldiers on US soil on April 2 6th 1846 (Zinn, 2005). This led to emergence of the Mexican American War that lasted for several years. In the process, USA captured and controlled a number of Mexican Towns. By the time the Americans captured Mexico City, they had no government to sign a treaty with. Through Polk`s negotiator, the US government formed a transitional Mexican government with which they signed the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with. In the treaty, USA had the control of New Mexico and California. In addition, the border between USA and Mexico was now pushed 150 miles deeper into Mexico to Rio Grande. The United States paid Mexico $15 million (Zinn, 2005). According to the US government, the Mexican-American war was a retaliation of the Americans after Mexican soldiers invaded into America and killed American soldiers. However, to show their respect of the sovereignty of Mexico, USA signed the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and purchased the land that now is California, Colorado and New Mexico. USA also pur chased other states. Louisiana is one of these states that was purchased when USA was under the reign of President Jefferson. Alaska was also purchased by USA in 1867. However, USA is not the only country that has purchased new territory. In 1870, Canada purchased Rupert1s Land for  £ 300,000 (Palmer, 2004). This land comprised of 1.5 million square miles. Hudson Bay Company was the original owner of this land. From the discussions that have been presented in this section, it is evident that countries can increase the size of their territories through the purchase of new territories. This is because after purchasing land, a nation gains exclusive rights of control over the new land. As a result therefore, the nation can exploit this new land to meet its needs and requirements. The Case of Multi-National Corporations A multinational corporation is an organization that has its operations in more than one country (Alessio, 2010). These forms of corporations are normally established i n one country called the host nation. It is in the host nation that multinational companies have their headquarters situated at. The other countries that these companies have their operations are known as host nations. The world is currently experiencing a lot of changes in the manner in which it is operating. This has greatly affected the manner in which firms are managed and operate. Like nations, multinational corporations also want to build business empires all around the world. This has come about as a result of the need of these companies to increase their market share in order to be sustainable in the short run and in the long run and earn more profits. To ensure that they achieve this goal, multinational companies have embarked on a programme of exploring the global market (Alessio, 2010). The business world is changing drastically due to globalization. The economy is fluctuating at a high rate, the tradable services are changing and the needs and preference of consumers is changing every day. Companies that used to enjoy abnormal profits are now facing a lot of competition due to the free entry of the market. In addition, theses companies have to scramble for the available resources in order to manufacture their goods and services. This has greatly increased their cost of production. To survive under such conditions, companies have incorporated a mix of methods to reduce their production costs and at the same time improve quality and quantity of their products and services to ensure that they satisfy the needs of their customers. One method that has been greatly employed by multinational companies is through the expansion of their services into overseas markets. To achieve this, these companies need to purchase or lease land in order to establish their plants and stores in these new localities. The level of trade has grown remarkably over the last few decades as a result of the advancements that are being experienced in the field of information, commu nications and technology (ICT) (Jovanovic, 2011). These advancements have also increased the number of tradable services in the field of IT and ICT that have made the offshoring and outsourcing of services to be much easier. The ease in the tradability of these services coupled with the increased independence of the location has contributed to the offshoring of services by many companies in the west (Kapila, 2009). Companies are now outsourcing services such as support, customer care, research and consultancy. The main reason behind this is that outsourcing for services is much cheaper and the end result is desirable. The development in IT and ICT has led to the globalization of services all around the world (James, 2003). IKEA is a good example of a multinational company that aims at building a global business empire in the field of manufacturing and retailing of furniture. Since its incorporation in 1943, the company has grown to be the leading retailer of furniture in the world. The company has been aiming at producing high quality furniture that has stylish designs but affordable to all including individuals with a tight budget (Ford, 2005). The founder of the company referred to this strategy as democratic designs. The strategy was successful and within a small period of time, the furniture sales of the company boomed (King, 2011). IKEA has found it relatively easy to venture into new markets. Due to this fact, it has been able to expand its operations into new countries such as Germany, China, Canada, Scotland and so on. As a result, the company is planning for massive expansion for the next coming years. However, it has to be noted that this is not always going to be the trend. There will be some instances of difficulties in the entry into new markets in the course of its expansion. To expound on this issue, this report will focus on the difficulties that IKEA faced while entering the American market. In the late 1970s, IKEA made a successful entry into the Canadian market. Between 1976 and 1982, the company had opened up several stores in the country. The customers were fascinated with the stylish designs of their furniture and their low prices (Romaniuk and Sharp, 2004). This was because they were used to purchasing expensive furniture of a lower quality as compared to IKEA products. With this success, IKEA planned to venture into the United States. This proved to be a more challenging task than they were expecting. The company was also successful in entering the US market. Although it faced stiff competition during its early years, the company was able to set its base in the early 1990s. At the present moment, IKEA has over 35 stores in USA. To achieve this success, the company had to adopt the American standards of furniture productions and have a specific target group. Through hard work, strategic planning and determination, the company was able to overcome these difficulties and is now one of the leading furniture selling co mpanies in the world. At the present moment, the company is operational in over 35 different countries, has over 285 stores and has a workforce of 127,800 individuals (Kotler, 2010). IKEA has been able to achieve all this success through the purchase of land and leasing of facilities to establish its stores and manufacturing plants on different locations all around the world. In the process, it has been able to create its own business empire. Conclusion At the present moment, the most convenient way that a nation or a business corporation can establish an empire is through the purchase or leasing of land. In this process, a nation or a multinational corporation is able to gain exclusive rights over this land and use it to achieve its goals and objectives. Through purchase or lease of land, warm relations are maintained between the host nation and the mother nation or the multinational corporation. This ensures that both parties benefits from the purchase or lease. It is therefore es sential for this method to be considered in the process of building empires in the modern world. References Alessio, D. (2010) Monopoly Imperialism: How Empires can be Bought or Leased.  Social Affairs Europe. London: Sage Ford, K. (2005) Brands Laid Bare: Using Market Research for Evidence-Based. Boston: Prentice Hall James R. Gregory (2003). Be your own brand: A Breakthrough Formula for standing out from the crowed. San Francisco, CA : Berrett-Koehler Jovanovic, M. (2011) International Handbook on the Economics of Integration:  Competition, Spatial Location of Economic Activity and Financial Issues.  Sacramento: Edward Elgar Publishing Kapila, U. (2009) Indian Economy Since Independence. New Delhi: Academic Foundation King, M. (2011) Public Policy and the Corporation. London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd. Kotler, P. (2010) Marketing Management. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Romaniuk, J. and Sharp, B. (2004) Brand Salience: What is it and why it Matters. Report 16 for Corporate Members. Adelaide: Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science. Palmer, R. (2004). The Age of the Democratic Revolution. Surrey, England :Ashgate Zinn, H. (2005) A People’s History of the United States. Pennsylvania: Wiley This essay on Empire by Purchase or Lease was written and submitted by user Ricky Haynes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 causas de cancelación de la visa de turista o paseo

10 causas de cancelacià ³n de la visa de turista o paseo Las causas por las que una visa de turista para ingresar a Estados Unidos puede ser cancelada o revocada son muy variadas, si bien hay 10 que, por su frecuencia, conviene conocer para evitarlas. Destacar que pueden proceder a la cancelacià ³n de una visa de turista, conocida tambià ©n en algunos paà ­ses como de paseo o de placer, las Embajadas, los consulados y tambià ©n las autoridades migratorias como, por ejemplo, los oficiales en los pasos fronterizos o de aeropuerto. No es obligatorio avisar a la persona a la que se le revoca la visa. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre 10 causas muy comunes de cancelacià ³n de la visa y quà © se puede hacer cuando esto sucede. 10 Causas De Cancelacià ³n De La Visa Americana De Turista 1. Quiz la causa ms frecuente de cancelacià ³n de la visa es por permanecer en Estados Unidos ms tiempo del permitido, asà ­ sà ³lo sean 24 horas. Es muy importante  no confundir la fecha de expiracià ³n de la visa  con el dà ­a mximo autorizado para permanecer en Estados Unidos.. El tiempo que se puede permanecer en Estados Unidos est fijado en el documento que se conoce como I-94, o registro de ingreso y de salida. Aunque es muy comà ºn que la autorizacià ³n se extienda por 180 dà ­as, es decir, seis meses, tambià ©n es posible que, en realidad, el oficial migratorio que autorizà ³ el ingreso establezca un tiempo inferior. Es fundamental respetar este plazo, porque si no se hace no sà ³lo se pierde la visa sino que la persona se queda en situacià ³n de indocumentada dentro de los Estados Unidos. Para evitarlo, si se desea permanecer ms tiempo en Estados Unidos debe procederse a pedir una extensià ³n de la visa o un cambio de categorà ­a de visado. En casos muy concretos y excepcionales es posible solicitar con à ©xito que se apruebe restaurar el estatus, lo que se conoce como Nunc Pro Tunc, cuando no se pide a tiempo una extensià ³n o cambio de visa. Tampoco se debe jugar a intentar obtener un nuevo plazo de tiempo para permanecer en Estados Unidos saliendo a Mà ©xico, Canad o Bahamas y volviendo a entrar, ya que el sistema no funciona asà ­. 2. Cuando  la visa ha sido arrancada  del pasaporte donde originalmente se estampà ³, queda automticamente sin vigencia. En otras palabras, no es vlida. 3. La visa tambià ©n se cancela cuando se sabe o se sospecha que se utiliza para un  fin distinto  al suyo propio. Por ejemplo, cuando una persona con visado de turista pasa una larga temporada en Estados Unidos y decide estudiar en una escuela, high school,  universidad o academia de inglà ©s a tiempo completo. Esto no es correcto, ya que la visa  apropiada es la F-1,  la F-3 para el caso de mexicanos o canadienses en zona fronteriza,  si asà ­ lo prefieren, o la J-1. Otro ejemplo es cuando una persona extranjera ingresa al paà ­s con una visa de paseo pero con la intencià ³n de contraer matrimonio. Si el oficial de inmigracià ³n se da cuenta o en la aduana descubren en su equipaje cosas como el vestido de boda se le negar la entrada y se le cancelar el visado. Casarse con visa de turista  est permitido pero puede tener consecuencias muy negativas, por lo que hay que ser muy prudente con lo que se hace y cumplir la ley. 4. La visa tambià ©n es cancelada cuando se sospecha  que puede haber intencià ³n de emigrar. Esto puede suceder cuando una persona con visa de turista entra frecuentemente al paà ­s, por ejemplo a visitar a un familiar. Otro ejemplo puede darse cuando extiende continuamente la estancia. Esos comportamientos son perfectamente vlidos, pero no pueden dar lugar a sospecha de que la intencià ³n es emigrar y quedarse en Estados Unidos. Incluso otras situaciones ms sutiles pueden dar lugar a problemas como, por ejemplo, no tener un trabajo estable en el paà ­s de origen. 5. Cuando se ha causado que el seguro pà ºblico de Estados Unidos conocido como Medicaid gastos mà ©dicos porque la persona extranjera con visa de turista ha tenido una emergencia sanitaria y no ha pagado la factura ni tampoco su seguro mà ©dico. Es relativamente frecuente descubrir estos casos ms pronto o ms tarde  en el caso de paps que se han desplazado a Estados Unidos para que nazca su hijo y posteriormente se regresan a su paà ­s de origen sin pagar el gasto hospitalario. Esta situacià ³n se detecta cuando se pide el pasaporte americano para el hijo por primera vez o su renovacià ³n. En ese momento, si asà ­ lo desean, las autoridades consulares pueden pedir prueba de que los padres han pagado el hospital en Estados Unidos. La misma prueba la pueden pedir las autoridades de inspeccià ³n en el control migratorio al llegar a Estados Unidos. 6. Cuando a un extranjero se le concede una visa de inmigrante (permiso de residencia, tambià ©n conocido como tarjeta de residencia o green card), se le cancela la visa no inmigrante que pudiera tener. En este caso no hay ningà ºn problema porque cuenta con la green card. 7. Cuando una persona ha sido pedida por un familiar en Estados Unidos. Mientras espera es posible que si tiene una visa de turista vigente, à ©sta sea cancelada, aunque no sucede siempre. Tambià ©n podrà ­a suceder que si viaja, una vez que llegue a las aduanas se encuentre que no se le permite ingresar al paà ­s. Esto no tiene que ser asà ­ siempre, ni mucho menos. Pero es posible. La razà ³n es que segà ºn sean las circunstancias particulares de cada caso puede dar la impresià ³n de que la idea es viajar a Estados Unidos para quedarse a vivir con el familiar que ha hecho la peticià ³n, sin esperar el tiempo de demora, que segà ºn los casos puede ser muy largo, particularmente en el caso de papeles pedidos para hermanos. 8. La visa de turista se cancela automticamente si su titular  ha trabajado en Estados Unidos con ese estatus.  Ã‚  Incluso es suficiente tener la intencià ³n de trabajar en Estados Unidos o se sospecha que à ©sa es la intencià ³n del viaje Hay que insistir que legalmente sà ³lo pueden trabajar los ciudadanos, los residentes y las personas titulares de visas que permitan trabajar o que tengan un permiso de trabajo. En ningà ºn caso los extranjeros con una visa de turista pueden aceptar desempeà ±ar una labor remunerada. 9. Cuando la visa tiene un error burocrtico, como puede ser el mal deletreo de un nombre o apellido o una equivocacià ³n en la fecha de nacimiento. En este caso en concreto la cancelacià ³n no tiene efectos negativos para el titular de la visa que obtendr otra con los datos correctos. En estos casos el consulado suele llamar para corregir el error. 10. Cuando el oficial de la CBP que est en la aduana americana cree que una persona a la que previamente le concedieron la visa era  inelegible  o  inadmisible  para ingresar a los Estados Unidos o  se convirtià ³ en inelegible o inadmisible tras haberle sido aprobado el visado puede proceder a su cancelacià ³n. Esta regla tambià ©n aplica en la frontera o aeropuerto a los ciudadanos de paà ­ses en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas  que no necesitan una para viajar por negocios o turismo, pero en este caso en vez de cancelar una visa que no existe, se procede a enviarlo de regreso al paà ­s del que procede. Es muy conveniente saber que à ©stas son  22 causas por las que una persona es inadmisible  para USA. El consumo de drogas, que se encuentra entre ellas, es la razà ³n ms comà ºn por las que se cancela la visa a celebridades extranjeras. Adems, estas  20 causas que convierten a una persona en inelegible  por las que el consulado o el oficial de migracià ³n pueden decir no  aprobar o renovar  la visa o para  permitir el ingreso  al paà ­s. Quà © Hacer Cuando La Visa De Turista Ha Sido Cancelada O Revocada Si se quiere tener una nueva visa hay que proceder a aplicar por una de nuevo. Pero en la mayorà ­a de los casos el que se solicite no quiere decir que se vaya a obtener. Por ejemplo, en el caso de haber permanecido en Estados Unidos ms tiempo del permitido puede darse al mismo tiempo que se aplique el castigo de los tres y de los diez aà ±os. En el caso de que se haya utilizado la visa para fines no autorizados, como por ejemplo estudiar, o para trabajar, no hay castigo pero es muy difà ­cil que en esas circunstancias se obtenga una nueva visa. Cuando ya ha pasado tiempo desde que se produjo la cancelacià ³n y las circunstancias de la persona han cambiado en ocasiones el oficial consular puede sugerir que se solicite un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. Evita Que Te Cancelen La Visa Con Conocimiento Toma este quiz sobre visas de turista que hemos elaborado para que compruebes si tienes los conocimientos bsicos para obtenerla y conservarla. Lo importante es evitar la cancelacià ³n, ya que a partir de ahà ­ puede ser muy complicado volverla a obtener. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Human Resource Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resource Planning - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the history of tasks performed goes long back when work was conducted just for individuals’ needs and for livelihood. However, the emergence of businesses has changed the perception of work in the modern era by a substantial extent giving rise to a new concept called employment. This further raised a new paradigm in the industrial world called the Internal Labour Market (ILM) where man-made labor was given more importance than that of the machine labor. However, the scope in ILM is limited wherein wages, salaries and job roles hardly change. Furthermore, with the passage of time, the concept of Strategic HRM (SHRM) came into existence. It is in this context that HRP, as a part of SHRM ensures that the organizations make the best use of its available resources with maximum productivity. It has also been noted that HRP should be simple so that it can be easily executed with minimum chances of discontinuation. However, the process of HRP also possesses certain limitations such as its complexity and time-consuming long-term process. Nevertheless, the process of HRP is often regarded as cost-effective as it manages human resources of organizations quite efficiently. From the understanding obtained through the study, it can be summarised that recruitment is a procedural framework used in HRM practices which involves searching of potential candidates for a particular job position either from the internal business environment of the company or externally. The process of internal recruitment generally comprises of selecting candidates from the existing workforce on the basis of their performance appraisals. Similarly, selecting potential candidates from the external business scenario engages different online job sources used in the modern day scenario. It has been analyzed that the process of recruitment mainly includes the involvement of HR personnel and some other top officials of companies. The concept of internal recruitment is quite beneficial for companies as it tends to be quite cost-effective. It is also deemed as beneficial as it tends to motivate the commitment of the existing employees of the company. Along with these advantages, there are certain arguments raised against the concept of internal recruitment as well. The employees recruited for a higher post from the existing employees of the company will continue to work in the same way as he/she was performing in the lower designation. The candidate chosen might also lack fresh ideas or creativeness as he/she will be one of the existing employees. Similarly, external recruitment by advertising involves certain crucial factors such as publication choice, style, and wording, use of precise versus vague information and other vital aspects related to proper advertising which needs to be considered. Certain difficulties such as the response of the candidates and reachability to potential candidates for a particular job position play a vi tal role in processing effective external recruitment.